home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
/
pc
/
illusion
/
hub_fie.cxt
/
00125_Field_frep46.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-12-30
|
3KB
|
94 lines
It took a few years to learn
how to stimulate and record
from cortical cells reliably
enough to permit questions not
just about individual cells but
about large groups of cells. A
start came when, by chance, we
occasionally recorded from two
or more cells at the same time.
You already saw an example of
this at the end of Chapter 4. To
record from two neighboring
cells is not difficult. In
experiments where we ask
about the stimulus preferences
of cells, we almost always
employ extracellular recording,
placing the electrode tip just
outside the cell and sampling
currents associated with
impulses rather than the
voltage across the membrane.
We frequently find ourselves
recording from more than one
cell at a time, say by having the
electrode tip halfway between
two cell bodies. Impulses from
any single cell in such a record
are all almost identical, but the
size and shape of the spikes is
affected by distance and
geometry, so that impulses from
two cells recorded at the same
time are usually different and
hence easily distinguished.
With such a two-cell recording
we can vividly demonstrate
both how neighboring cells
differ and what they can have
in common.
One of the first two-unit
recordings made from visual
cortex showed two cells
responding to opposite
directions of movement of a
hand waving back and forth in
front of the animal. In that
case, two cells positioned side
by side in the cortex had
different, in fact opposite,
behaviors with respect to
movement. In other respects,
however, they almost certainly
had similar properties. Had I
known enough to examine
their orientation preferences
in 1956, I would very likely
have found that both
orientation preferences were
close to vertical, since the cells
responded so well to horizontal
movements. The fact that they
both responded when the
moving hand crossed back and
forth over the same region in
space means that their
receptive-field positions were
about the same. Had I tested for
eye dominance, I would likely
have found it also to be the
same for the two cells.
Even in the earliest cortical
recordings, we were struck by
how often the two cells in a
two-unit recording had the
same ocular dominance, the
same complexity, and most
striking of all, exactly the same
orientation preference. Such
occurrences, which could
hardly be by chance,
immediately suggested that
cells with common properties
were aggregated together. The
possibility of such groupings
was intriguing, and once we
had established them as a
reality, we began a search to
learn more about their size and
shape.